12 Recorded Sessions of Academic & Practical FUN Register & Enjoy Immediately! Continued Educational Units CCPDT & IAABC = 21 units. PPG Australia = 24 units. PPAB = 24 units Presented by Dr. Robert & Karen Hewings from the UK College of Scent Dogs Your Scent Work For Practical Training & Behavior Solutions. Who is This Scent Recorded Package For?
Register & Enjoy Immediately!
Continued Educational Units
CCPDT & IAABC = 21 units. PPG Australia = 24 units. PPAB = 24 units
Who is This Scent Recorded Package For?
4 General Sessions to get everyone up to scent speed that include practical activities!
8 topics covering how you can incorporate Scent Work into your Training and Behavior business.
12 month access to all recordings and lifetime access to the PDF downloads
Authors: Marge Rogers and Eileen Anderson
Marge Rogers is a nationally certified professional dog trainer and behavior consultant. She is the owner of Rewarded Behavior Continues and offers services locally and virtually to clients all over the country. Eileen Anderson is an award-winning dog writer and blogger. She is the author of “Remember Me? Loving and caring for a Dog with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction.” Eileen also writes the award-winning blog, Eileenanddogs .
What is the book about?
The authors explain the critical and magical time in puppies’ development when they are more open to new experiences or being “socialized.” Socialization is more than just showing a puppy the world. Rogers and Anderson don’t just teach owners about socialization through their writing. They show them, with real-life training videos. Most of the videos were taken during actual training sessions with puppy owners and their puppies.
The chapter on canine body language applies to all owners, regardless of the age of their dog. For example, most people don’t know that a dog that yawns may be showing symptoms of fear and anxiety. Or that when a dog shows his belly, he isn’t always asking for a belly rub. Understanding canine body language improves the bond between dogs and the owners who love them.
Quotes from the Book
“The goal of socialization isn’t merely exposing your puppy to new things. The goal is to help your puppy form positive associations, using food and play, with the things he’ll encounter during the course of his lifetime.”
“No belly rubs during greetings.”
“Canine Body Language: The Missing Piece of the Socialization Puzzle”
Book Club Sessions via Zoom
Buy The Book
Deaf Dogs Unleashed with Tiffany Baker CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
with Tiffany Baker
CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending
Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it!
No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
Introducing The Control Unleashed (CU) Program, Deaf Dog Style: Deaf Dogs Unleashed! The CU program, developed by Leslie McDevitt, was designed to help dogs learn how to relax and focus in challenging environments, while simultaneously building confidence by giving the learner control through predictable patterns in an otherwise unpredictable environment. After implementing the CU exercises creatively and effectively with a few different deaf dog clients, it became clear that there was a need for these ideas to be shared. And so Control Unleashed for deaf dogs was born. Training with deaf dogs can sometimes be a challenge; the need for attention and engagement from our dogs is crucial when our dogs rely so heavily on visual cues. There’s also the added difficulty our deaf dogs experience with Sudden Environmental Contrast (SEC), as well as a more pronounced startle response when things appear unexpectedly. When things happen in their environment, unpredictably, and outside of their control, it can create increased anxiety and make it difficult for our pups to relax. What better way to provide our deaf dogs with the support they need to navigate their world than The Control Unleashed program? Throughout this presentation you will get to experience The Control Unleashed program thoughtfully and creatively customized and purposefully geared towards our beloved deaf dogs. This will include introducing unique visual and tactile cues, combined with predictable patterns to build a beautiful recipe for engagement and confidence. We will be navigating the skills to implement the popular “Look At That'' conversational game for ‘reactive’ dogs, as well as many of the foundational patterns that build voluntary engagement and predictability such as Up-Down, Ping-pong, Give Me A Break, Whiplash U-turn, and 1-2-3. We will also take a look at what real life application of this program looks like for our deaf dogs, and much more. Whether you are a deaf dog guardian, or a trainer looking to add tools to your toolbox to better assist your clientele, this one’s for you. The purpose of this presentation is to expand the reach of The Control Unleashed program to provide attendees the resources, education, and skills to bring these beneficial life changing patterns and exercises to the deaf dogs of the world. Get ready to open up a new conversation of empowerment with your deaf dog! Learning Objectives: An understanding of the basic mechanics of training with a deaf dog including visual markers, forms of praise, and end of session signals such as a hand flash, thumbs up, the “all done” ASL hand wave. The skills to teach and understanding of these foundational pattern games modified for deaf dogs: Up-down, Ping PongWhiplash U-turn, Give Me A Break, and 1-2-3.
Introducing The Control Unleashed (CU) Program, Deaf Dog Style: Deaf Dogs Unleashed! The CU program, developed by Leslie McDevitt, was designed to help dogs learn how to relax and focus in challenging environments, while simultaneously building confidence by giving the learner control through predictable patterns in an otherwise unpredictable environment.
After implementing the CU exercises creatively and effectively with a few different deaf dog clients, it became clear that there was a need for these ideas to be shared. And so Control Unleashed for deaf dogs was born. Training with deaf dogs can sometimes be a challenge; the need for attention and engagement from our dogs is crucial when our dogs rely so heavily on visual cues. There’s also the added difficulty our deaf dogs experience with Sudden Environmental Contrast (SEC), as well as a more pronounced startle response when things appear unexpectedly. When things happen in their environment, unpredictably, and outside of their control, it can create increased anxiety and make it difficult for our pups to relax. What better way to provide our deaf dogs with the support they need to navigate their world than The Control Unleashed program?
Throughout this presentation you will get to experience The Control Unleashed program thoughtfully and creatively customized and purposefully geared towards our beloved deaf dogs. This will include introducing unique visual and tactile cues, combined with predictable patterns to build a beautiful recipe for engagement and confidence. We will be navigating the skills to implement the popular “Look At That'' conversational game for ‘reactive’ dogs, as well as many of the foundational patterns that build voluntary engagement and predictability such as Up-Down, Ping-pong, Give Me A Break, Whiplash U-turn, and 1-2-3. We will also take a look at what real life application of this program looks like for our deaf dogs, and much more.
Whether you are a deaf dog guardian, or a trainer looking to add tools to your toolbox to better assist your clientele, this one’s for you. The purpose of this presentation is to expand the reach of The Control Unleashed program to provide attendees the resources, education, and skills to bring these beneficial life changing patterns and exercises to the deaf dogs of the world. Get ready to open up a new conversation of empowerment with your deaf dog!
Learning Objectives:
About Your Presenter Tiffany Baker is a certified canine behavior consultant as well as founder and owner of Boss Babe Dog Training, LLC in Dallas, Texas. She has been professionally working with dogs and canine behavioral modification since 2013. Tiffany specializes in aggression, fear-based behaviors, anxiety, new animal integration and families with children and dogs. Her training journey began with her own dog, Nadia, otherwise known as Naughty Nadia. Nadia was an anxious mess, and Tiffany quickly realized she was out of her depth. What started as a means to better her dog’s well-being and mend their relationship, quickly grew into a passion for the science of animal behavior. Tiffany began to immerse herself in the animal rescue community and has continued to be involved for many years. She has volunteered with 501c3 rescue organizations and fostered several animals, both felines and canines. Tiffany has also volunteered with many animal shelters across the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex to further grow her knowledge and experience working with animals and developed her dog training skills as a dog trainer at Petsmart. Over the years, Tiffany became a licensed Family Paws Parent Educator, received her title as a certified behavior consultant canine (CBCC-KA), and a certified Control Unleashed instructor (CCUI) in 2021. Tiffany is extremely talented in her ability to not only effectively modify behaviors in dogs but also provide tremendous support, compassion and guidance to the Boss Babe pet guardians. She advocates for a positive reinforcement, science-based training style. She believes that these methods are not only the most effective way to teach a dog and handler new behaviors, but it also creates a new and better understanding within the canine human relationship, further strengthening the bond and allowing for growth. With each dog and handler team Tiffany has the pleasure of working with, her dedication and drive to continue learning and developing her skills as a canine behavior consultant grows.
Tiffany Baker is a certified canine behavior consultant as well as founder and owner of Boss Babe Dog Training, LLC in Dallas, Texas. She has been professionally working with dogs and canine behavioral modification since 2013.
Tiffany specializes in aggression, fear-based behaviors, anxiety, new animal integration and families with children and dogs. Her training journey began with her own dog, Nadia, otherwise known as Naughty Nadia. Nadia was an anxious mess, and Tiffany quickly realized she was out of her depth. What started as a means to better her dog’s well-being and mend their relationship, quickly grew into a passion for the science of animal behavior. Tiffany began to immerse herself in the animal rescue community and has continued to be involved for many years. She has volunteered with 501c3 rescue organizations and fostered several animals, both felines and canines. Tiffany has also volunteered with many animal shelters across the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex to further grow her knowledge and experience working with animals and developed her dog training skills as a dog trainer at Petsmart.
Over the years, Tiffany became a licensed Family Paws Parent Educator, received her title as a certified behavior consultant canine (CBCC-KA), and a certified Control Unleashed instructor (CCUI) in 2021. Tiffany is extremely talented in her ability to not only effectively modify behaviors in dogs but also provide tremendous support, compassion and guidance to the Boss Babe pet guardians. She advocates for a positive reinforcement, science-based training style. She believes that these methods are not only the most effective way to teach a dog and handler new behaviors, but it also creates a new and better understanding within the canine human relationship, further strengthening the bond and allowing for growth. With each dog and handler team Tiffany has the pleasure of working with, her dedication and drive to continue learning and developing her skills as a canine behavior consultant grows.
Panelists will engage and discuss some of the important issues in our industry.
The goal is to both advocate and inform through purposeful discussions and debate while networking, building relationships, and having some fun.
Come and join the PPG Advocacy Committee for our monthly event.
The Advocacy Panel is a selection of notable practitioners, scientists, and representatives.
The sessions are live streamed via the PPG public Facebook page.
Members who choose not to view the live feed on Faebook may access these events using zoom where we will also provide closed captioning.
If you are not a member of PPG then please access the event via our Facebook page live stream.
Your Moderators
Don Hanson & Niki Tudge
The PPG Facebook Page is https://www.facebook.com/PetProfessionalGuild
A FREE PPG Member Resource
Your PPG Equid Divisional Meetup - Cooperative Care for Equids Your Host - The PPG Equid Division Come and learn about Equids from the PPG Equid Division. A casual presentation with live group chat and Q&A. Informal, Fun & Educational Just For PPG Members Location: Login to Zoom directly or watch this event live-streamed in the PPG Member Group on Facebook Host: Samantha Rubio Guest: Anna Boger DVMTitle: Cooperative Care for Equids Recorded: Yes this event is recorded and will be available in the PPG member area. It will also be live-streamed into the PPG member Group on Facebook
Your Host - The PPG Equid Division
Come and learn about Equids from the PPG Equid Division.
A casual presentation with live group chat and Q&A.
Informal, Fun & Educational Just For PPG Members
Location: Login to Zoom directly or watch this event live-streamed in the PPG Member Group on Facebook
Host: Samantha Rubio
Guest: Anna Boger DVM
Recorded: Yes this event is recorded and will be available in the PPG member area. It will also be live-streamed into the PPG member Group on Facebook
Predatory Behavior in Dogs with Jean Donaldson CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
This presentation will offer an understanding of predatory behavior in dogs as well as the strategy options for training and managing it. What is our best bet for training a recall in a predatory dog without the use of aversive stimuli (R-)? And is it possible to improve a dog who is predatory towards resident cats? Learning Objectives Thorough understanding of what predation is and the predatory sequence in dogs Contrast predatory motivation with fight/flight Usual presentations with training and management strategies overview Recall training without aversives Protocol for living with cats
This presentation will offer an understanding of predatory behavior in dogs as well as the strategy options for training and managing it. What is our best bet for training a recall in a predatory dog without the use of aversive stimuli (R-)? And is it possible to improve a dog who is predatory towards resident cats?
Learning Objectives
About Your Presenter Jean is the founder and principal instructor of The Academy for Dog Trainers, a two-year comprehensive professional program in evidence-based pet dog training, behavior, class teaching and behavior counseling. The Academy celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2019 and has certified over one thousand behavior counselors and trainers. She is a four-time winner of The Dog Writers' Association of America's Maxwell Award, and her books include The Culture Clash, Dogs are from Neptune, Fight! A Practical Guide to Dog-Dog Aggression, and Train Your Dog Like a Pro. In 2017, Jean was recruited to create and teach Dog Training 101 for The Great Courses, a 24-part series on dog training and behavior. Her own dogs and dogs she has trained have earned numerous titles and wins in a variety of dog sports, including OTCh, TDX, HIT and FDCh. Before founding The Academy, Jean did exclusively referral aggression cases for six years. A native of Montreal, Canada, she lives in California, with her dog, Brian, adopted in 2015. Her interests include evolutionary biology, baseball analytics, baking, helping Chow Chows, the history of the British monarchy, and music.
Jean is the founder and principal instructor of The Academy for Dog Trainers, a two-year comprehensive professional program in evidence-based pet dog training, behavior, class teaching and behavior counseling. The Academy celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2019 and has certified over one thousand behavior counselors and trainers.
She is a four-time winner of The Dog Writers' Association of America's Maxwell Award, and her books include The Culture Clash, Dogs are from Neptune, Fight! A Practical Guide to Dog-Dog Aggression, and Train Your Dog Like a Pro. In 2017, Jean was recruited to create and teach Dog Training 101 for The Great Courses, a 24-part series on dog training and behavior.
Her own dogs and dogs she has trained have earned numerous titles and wins in a variety of dog sports, including OTCh, TDX, HIT and FDCh. Before founding The Academy, Jean did exclusively referral aggression cases for six years.
A native of Montreal, Canada, she lives in California, with her dog, Brian, adopted in 2015. Her interests include evolutionary biology, baseball analytics, baking, helping Chow Chows, the history of the British monarchy, and music.
Behavioural Neuroscience - Looking At Aggression with Daniel Shaw CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
with Daniel Shaw
This webinar dives into the neuroscientific basis of aggression in dogs and examines a number of the different neurobiological systems involved in aggression. This includes the stress axis that influences aggression, how dopamine functions in aggression, predatory behavior circuitry, the influence of testosterone, and finally, social neuroscience and aggression. This webinar combines theory and practical applications of neuroscientific research to better support dogs experiencing aggressive behavior.
About Your Presenter Daniel Shaw BSc (Hons), GMBPsS, CDBC is an animal behaviourist with a background in animal behaviour, psychology and neuroscience. As the owner of Animal Behaviour Kent, Daniel has a successful track record of supporting dogs and cats with behaviour problems, and has a special interest in the effects of trauma on animals. Daniel is a degree qualified psychologist, a certified dog behaviour consultant with the International Association of Animal Behaviour Consultants (IAABC), and is currently obtaining a masters degree in neuroscience.
A FREE PPG Member Webinar The Importance of Client Experience in Marketing and Client Success Presented by Josh Boutelle CEUs: PPAB 1 , CCPDT, KPA , & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
A FREE PPG Member Webinar
Presented by Josh Boutelle
CEUs: PPAB 1 , CCPDT, KPA , & IAABC Pending
In this FREE PPG member webinar Josh will cover topics such as creating a seamless customer journey, leveraging technology, and the importance of creating a positive experience for potential clients. Josh will also talk about how automation can help deliver a fabulous client experience. Whether you're just starting out in the dog training industry or looking to take your business to the next level, this webinar will provide valuable insights and actionable strategies for creating an effective and motivating client experience.
In this FREE PPG member webinar Josh will cover topics such as creating a seamless customer journey, leveraging technology, and the importance of creating a positive experience for potential clients. Josh will also talk about how automation can help deliver a fabulous client experience.
Whether you're just starting out in the dog training industry or looking to take your business to the next level, this webinar will provide valuable insights and actionable strategies for creating an effective and motivating client experience.
About Your Presenter Founder of Digiwoof.com, Josh and his team specialize in helping R+ dog pros with branding, websites, automation, and creating an enjoyable client experience. With 10+ years of experience in the pet care industry and a background in graphic design, Josh is skilled at helping dog trainers and R+ pet care businesses effectively showcase their services online.
The Future of Separation Anxiety with Malena DeMartini CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
with Malena DeMartini
Separation anxiety in dogs has been at the forefront of everyone’s minds for a long time, but particularly for the past 18 months. According to several recent polls, about 50% of pet dogs are reported as suffering from some form of separation-related problems. In the US alone, that is equivalent to over 44 million pet dogs which is astounding and certainly implies that there is a welfare issue. So what lies in the future for separation anxiety dogs and their loving guardians? Fortunately, separation anxiety has been the #1 most researched and discuss disorder in published studies in the fields of applied animal behavior and veterinary behavior. This tremendous research combined with huge increases in dog professional’s awareness and education has led to a solid foundation for moving into the future of separation anxiety. Part of this future includes a huge demand for more qualified professionals from all over the globe who can work in an individualized way with daily behavior plans and support. Separation anxiety clients are geographically diverse, and dog-training consumers are more willing to work virtually and with technology, to deliver higher-quality personalized services. This session will review the direction in which this fascinating training issue is headed, including the effective use of technology that aids the training team for successful resolution of separation anxiety. This presentation is a refun from Geek Week 2021. Malena will be on hand for questions and answers at the end of the sesssion.
Separation anxiety in dogs has been at the forefront of everyone’s minds for a long time, but particularly for the past 18 months. According to several recent polls, about 50% of pet dogs are reported as suffering from some form of separation-related problems.
In the US alone, that is equivalent to over 44 million pet dogs which is astounding and certainly implies that there is a welfare issue. So what lies in the future for separation anxiety dogs and their loving guardians? Fortunately, separation anxiety has been the #1 most researched and discuss disorder in published studies in the fields of applied animal behavior and veterinary behavior. This tremendous research combined with huge increases in dog professional’s awareness and education has led to a solid foundation for moving into the future of separation anxiety.
Part of this future includes a huge demand for more qualified professionals from all over the globe who can work in an individualized way with daily behavior plans and support. Separation anxiety clients are geographically diverse, and dog-training consumers are more willing to work virtually and with technology, to deliver higher-quality personalized services. This session will review the direction in which this fascinating training issue is headed, including the effective use of technology that aids the training team for successful resolution of separation anxiety.
This presentation is a refun from Geek Week 2021. Malena will be on hand for questions and answers at the end of the sesssion.
About Your Presenter Malena De Martini CTC is renowned in the dog training world for her expertise in canine separation anxiety (SA) issues. She is the author of the book Treating Separation Anxiety in Dogs and has contributed articles on separation anxiety to multiple publications internationally. Today, her practice is split between overseeing a team of the top SA trainers in the world and continuing to educate trainers, veterinarians, and dog guardians to better treat SA, in order to help the most dogs and humans possible overcome this agonizing issue. In addition to writing and lecturing, she runs a certification program for accomplished dog professionals looking to hone their SA skills and has also produced an online, self-paced course for dog owners.
Malena De Martini CTC is renowned in the dog training world for her expertise in canine separation anxiety (SA) issues. She is the author of the book Treating Separation Anxiety in Dogs and has contributed articles on separation anxiety to multiple publications internationally. Today, her practice is split between overseeing a team of the top SA trainers in the world and continuing to educate trainers, veterinarians, and dog guardians to better treat SA, in order to help the most dogs and humans possible overcome this agonizing issue. In addition to writing and lecturing, she runs a certification program for accomplished dog professionals looking to hone their SA skills and has also produced an online, self-paced course for dog owners.
A Journal Review - A PPG Membership Benefit
Training As Enrichment: A critical reviewJoin us for this 60 minute session where we will review this paper with Dr. E J Fernandez. When you register you will receive a link to download the full paper
Abstract
Husbandry training and environmental enrichment are both important advancements associated with current behavioural welfare practices. Additionally, the use of training procedures has been proposed as a form of enrichment, with the implication that training can produce beneficial behavioural welfare results. This paper examines the concept of training as enrichment through three distinct ways training procedures could enrich: (i) training facilitates enrichment usage; (ii) training modifies interactions, conspecific or otherwise; and (iii) training expands behavioural repertoires. Within each category, the paper focuses on past research that provides empirical support for training functioning as enrichment, as well as related areas of research that provide additional evidence. Previous studies support the claim that training is enriching, with additional research necessary to better understand how prevalent and under what conditions training procedures function as enrichment. Future training research should examine these potential enrichment effects, including methodology that allows for comparisons to traditional enrichment, the use of welfare diversity/variability indices, and the effects of learning on trainers and trainees alike.
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia: email; edjfern@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-6604
How The Scholarly Circle Works
Changing Behavior by Arranging Antecedents with Kathy Sdao CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 2, KPA 2, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
with Kathy Sdao
CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 2, KPA 2, & IAABC Pending
Animal trainers and behavior consultants sometimes overlook or undervalue Level 2 (Antecedent Arrangements) of the Humane Hierarchy. This six-level progression of behavior-change procedures, arranged so that the least intrusive and most positive interventions come first, was introduced by Dr. Susan Friedman in 2010. (See What’s Wrong With This Picture? Effectiveness is Not Enough) We may be tempted to skip ahead to familiar operant training procedures such as positive reinforcement (Level 3) & differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (Level 4). Antecedent arrangements (Level 2) suggest we first notice and adjust the learner’s environment in ways that facilitate the behaviors we wish to reinforce. It invites us to be creative in changing conditions that precede these behaviors, with the goal of making learning more effective and efficient. Level 2 is much broader than simply “managing the environment” to prevent problem behaviors from occurring. We’ll look at specific examples of antecedent arrangements drawn from Kathy’s work with behavior-consultation clients.
About Your Presenter - Kathy Sdao Kathy Sdao is an applied animal behaviorist. She’s been a full-time animal trainer for almost forty years, first with marine mammals and then with dogs. At the University of Hawaii, she received a master’s degree working with a research team that trained dolphins to understand sign-language. She then worked for the United States Navy training dolphins for open-ocean military tasks. Kathy also worked as a marine-mammal trainer at Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma Washington. After leaving the zoo world, she co-created Tacoma’s first dog-daycare. Kathy launched Bright Spot Dog Training in 1998. Services include consulting with families about their challenging dogs and mentoring professional trainers who want to maximize the power of positive-reinforcement training. Kathy is proud to be an original faculty member for Karen Pryor’s ClickerExpos; she’s taught at more than forty of these popular conferences. Kathy has lectured at venues across the United States, Canada and Europe, and in Australia, Israel, Japan and Mexico. In 2012, she published her first book, Plenty in Life Is Free: Reflections on Dogs, Training and Finding Grace.
Kathy Sdao is an applied animal behaviorist. She’s been a full-time animal trainer for almost forty years, first with marine mammals and then with dogs. At the University of Hawaii, she received a master’s degree working with a research team that trained dolphins to understand sign-language. She then worked for the United States Navy training dolphins for open-ocean military tasks. Kathy also worked as a marine-mammal trainer at Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma Washington. After leaving the zoo world, she co-created Tacoma’s first dog-daycare.
Kathy launched Bright Spot Dog Training in 1998. Services include consulting with families about their challenging dogs and mentoring professional trainers who want to maximize the power of positive-reinforcement training. Kathy is proud to be an original faculty member for Karen Pryor’s ClickerExpos; she’s taught at more than forty of these popular conferences. Kathy has lectured at venues across the United States, Canada and Europe, and in Australia, Israel, Japan and Mexico. In 2012, she published her first book, Plenty in Life Is Free: Reflections on Dogs, Training and Finding Grace.
Pet Owners & Pet Professionals Welcome - Come & Join Us!
When Your Best Laid Plans For House Training Go Awry? with Niki Tudge & Louise Stapleton Frappell CEUs: PPAB 1 CEU, CCPDT, IAABC, KPA pending There is no skill more important for your new puppy or dog in your home to master than reliable house training. But things don’t always go to plan. A previous reinforcement history of house soiling, a lack of house training, fear and anxiety, medical issues, separation anxiety, and so many other little quirks can set your training plans useless! Join Niki and Louise for this 45-minute discussion on how to best set up your house training program for results that meet everyone’s goals. You will also receive a code for your FREE Gift at the close of the discussion. The DogNostics eBook titled “ How to Effectively House Train Your Puppy. This 15-page eBook provides you with the blueprint for successful house training. During the webinar, we will discuss 1. Getting Started - Your pet, the equipment, important resources 2. The environment - planning and management 3. The program elements - The schedule, rewarding the behavior, interupting and redirection 4. Troubleshooting 5. Question & Answers About Your Presenters Niki Tudge - M.B.A, PCBC-A, CABC, CDBC , Six Sigma Black Belt, HCITB TS1, TS2 & TS3 Certified People Trainer, Certified Facilitator and Business Project Manager. As the founder and President of The Pet Professional Guild, DogNostics Career Center and The DogSmith, Niki has substantial leadership experience in the pet industry. Niki has published numerous articles on dog training and dog behavior and her pet dog training businesses have been featured in many publications including The New York Times. Niki’s professional credentials include; PCBC-A and PCT-A through the Pet Professional Accrediting Board and she has earned diplomas in Animal Behavior Technology and Canine Behavior Science & Technology through the Companion Animal Science Institute. Along with Niki’s business degree and MBA from Oxford Brookes University she is also a certified Six Sigma Black Belt, a HCITB TS1, TS2 & TS3 certified people trainer and a certified Facilitator and Project Manager. Louise Stapleton-Frappell - B.A. Hons, PCT- A, PCBC-A, CAP3, CTDI, DN-FSG, DN-CPCT, CWRI Louise is a Partner and Faculty Member of DogNostics Career Center and Board Member of The Pet Professional Guild. Louise has constantly built on her knowledge and furthered her education in the field of force-free, rewards based, science-based pet training. The creator of the DogNostics’ Dog Trainer Certification Program, Louise has presented at conferences internationally and has gained a reputation for expertly teaching and training humans and canines at her own establishment, The DogSmith of Estepona, in Southern Spain, where she offers a wide range of both group and private classes and pet dog services.
with Niki Tudge & Louise Stapleton Frappell
CEUs: PPAB 1 CEU, CCPDT, IAABC, KPA pending
There is no skill more important for your new puppy or dog in your home to master than reliable house training. But things don’t always go to plan. A previous reinforcement history of house soiling, a lack of house training, fear and anxiety, medical issues, separation anxiety, and so many other little quirks can set your training plans useless!
Join Niki and Louise for this 45-minute discussion on how to best set up your house training program for results that meet everyone’s goals.
You will also receive a code for your FREE Gift at the close of the discussion. The DogNostics eBook titled “ How to Effectively House Train Your Puppy. This 15-page eBook provides you with the blueprint for successful house training.
During the webinar, we will discuss
1. Getting Started - Your pet, the equipment, important resources
2. The environment - planning and management
3. The program elements - The schedule, rewarding the behavior, interupting and redirection
4. Troubleshooting
5. Question & Answers
About Your Presenters
Niki Tudge - M.B.A, PCBC-A, CABC, CDBC , Six Sigma Black Belt, HCITB TS1, TS2 & TS3 Certified People Trainer, Certified Facilitator and Business Project Manager.
As the founder and President of The Pet Professional Guild, DogNostics Career Center and The DogSmith, Niki has substantial leadership experience in the pet industry. Niki has published numerous articles on dog training and dog behavior and her pet dog training businesses have been featured in many publications including The New York Times. Niki’s professional credentials include; PCBC-A and PCT-A through the Pet Professional Accrediting Board and she has earned diplomas in Animal Behavior Technology and Canine Behavior Science & Technology through the Companion Animal Science Institute. Along with Niki’s business degree and MBA from Oxford Brookes University she is also a certified Six Sigma Black Belt, a HCITB TS1, TS2 & TS3 certified people trainer and a certified Facilitator and Project Manager.
Louise Stapleton-Frappell - B.A. Hons, PCT- A, PCBC-A, CAP3, CTDI, DN-FSG, DN-CPCT, CWRI
Louise is a Partner and Faculty Member of DogNostics Career Center and Board Member of The Pet Professional Guild. Louise has constantly built on her knowledge and furthered her education in the field of force-free, rewards based, science-based pet training. The creator of the DogNostics’ Dog Trainer Certification Program, Louise has presented at conferences internationally and has gained a reputation for expertly teaching and training humans and canines at her own establishment, The DogSmith of Estepona, in Southern Spain, where she offers a wide range of both group and private classes and pet dog services.
Dr. Mindy Waite: Functional Analyses and Reinforcement-Based Treatments for Mouthing in Dogs CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, IAABC Pending
The most common cause of companion dog relinquishment and non-medical euthanasia is problem behavior. Many animal behavior professionals utilize descriptive assessments, functional assessments, or medical assessments to try and identify the functions of problem behavior in order to target those functions in behavior modification protocols. However, studies have demonstrated differences in accuracy and efficiency between functional assessments and functional analyses. Mouthing is a relatively common problem behavior observed in pet dogs, and many owners seek to reduce the frequency of the behavior. However, the functions of dog mouthing are unknown; therefore, behavior interventions are based on descriptively-informed behavioral functions. As a result, current interventions may lack efficacy or even worsen the behavior. Although the functional analysis is the gold standard for identifying human behavioral functions and developing function-based interventions, its use in the animal behavior field is still relatively rare. This study assessed the validity of the functional analysis for mouthing in companion dogs and tested function-based interventions informed by the results. Participants included three dogs and their owners participating in a functional analysis and intervention assessment. Data indicate that function-based interventions informed by functional analysis results were efficacious for reducing problem mouthing. Discussion in this session will include how the functional analysis was set up, behavior was measured, data were analyzed, and results were integrated into interventions. Learning Objectives: Identify the importance and definition of an operant behavioral function (what drives a particular operant behavior). Be able to describe the relative differences between functional assessments and functional analyses, in addition to understanding the differences in outcomes and efficiency. Understand the relative frequency and possible functions of dog mouthing behavior. Have a very general understanding of the setup of a functional analysis protocol and interpretation of functional analysis results in the context of dog mouthing behavior.
The most common cause of companion dog relinquishment and non-medical euthanasia is problem behavior. Many animal behavior professionals utilize descriptive assessments, functional assessments, or medical assessments to try and identify the functions of problem behavior in order to target those functions in behavior modification protocols. However, studies have demonstrated differences in accuracy and efficiency between functional assessments and functional analyses.
Mouthing is a relatively common problem behavior observed in pet dogs, and many owners seek to reduce the frequency of the behavior. However, the functions of dog mouthing are unknown; therefore, behavior interventions are based on descriptively-informed behavioral functions. As a result, current interventions may lack efficacy or even worsen the behavior.
Although the functional analysis is the gold standard for identifying human behavioral functions and developing function-based interventions, its use in the animal behavior field is still relatively rare. This study assessed the validity of the functional analysis for mouthing in companion dogs and tested function-based interventions informed by the results. Participants included three dogs and their owners participating in a functional analysis and intervention assessment. Data indicate that function-based interventions informed by functional analysis results were efficacious for reducing problem mouthing.
Discussion in this session will include how the functional analysis was set up, behavior was measured, data were analyzed, and results were integrated into interventions.
About Your Presenter Dr. Mindy Waite Dr. Mindy Waite is a board-Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB) and a certified professional dog trainer (CPDT-KA) located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She is also a lecturer in behavior analysis in the psychology department at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she performs research on companion canine behavior. Her early studies focused on the prevalence, function, and function-based interventions for mouthing behavior in dogs. Current studies are assessing simple, owner-implemented food preference assessments for dogs and also training dogs to cooperatively engage in basic veterinary care. Her research has received several awards, including the Marian Breland-Bailey Award and Fear Free Award, as well as competitive funding from Fear Free. Dr. Waite will begin lecturing in the applied animal behavior and welfare program at Virginia Tech’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences in 2022. She received her BS in genetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, her Ph.D in molecular biology (mouse brain development) from the University of Michigan, and her MS in behavior analysis from Marquette University.
Dr. Mindy Waite
Dr. Mindy Waite is a board-Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB) and a certified professional dog trainer (CPDT-KA) located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She is also a lecturer in behavior analysis in the psychology department at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she performs research on companion canine behavior.
Her early studies focused on the prevalence, function, and function-based interventions for mouthing behavior in dogs. Current studies are assessing simple, owner-implemented food preference assessments for dogs and also training dogs to cooperatively engage in basic veterinary care. Her research has received several awards, including the Marian Breland-Bailey Award and Fear Free Award, as well as competitive funding from Fear Free.
Dr. Waite will begin lecturing in the applied animal behavior and welfare program at Virginia Tech’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences in 2022. She received her BS in genetics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, her Ph.D in molecular biology (mouse brain development) from the University of Michigan, and her MS in behavior analysis from Marquette University.
Presented by Dr. Eduardo Fernandez
Come and Join The Disucssion and Get Involved in the Q&A
Hosted by Niki Tudge
CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, IAABC 1, KPA 1
It has become commonplace to refer to the science of animal training as being synonymous with applied behavior analytic principles. Less clear, however, is how ethical considerations correlate with other applied behavior analytic endeavors. While it remains tempting to refer to reward-based training methods as “more scientific” (presumably in comparison to other training methods), it is unclear whether such assertions are relying on scientific or ethical considerations. Thus, a distinction between both ethical and scientific guidelines becomes necessary. This session will examine the distinction between science and ethics, with a focus on how we make ethical decisions that guide our science-based animal training practices. Attention will be given to: 1. How we distinguish between science and ethics. 2. What criteria we use for making ethical considerations, such as freedoms, restrictiveness, intrusiveness, and hierarchies. 3. Why the tools we use to make ethical decisions should exist according to similar scientific criteria. Learning Objectives: • Foster behavior change plans that are simultaneously pro-science and pro-ethics, and thus, pro-animal well-being and welfare. About Your Presenter
It has become commonplace to refer to the science of animal training as being synonymous with applied behavior analytic principles. Less clear, however, is how ethical considerations correlate with other applied behavior analytic endeavors. While it remains tempting to refer to reward-based training methods as “more scientific” (presumably in comparison to other training methods), it is unclear whether such assertions are relying on scientific or ethical considerations. Thus, a distinction between both ethical and scientific guidelines becomes necessary.
This session will examine the distinction between science and ethics, with a focus on how we make ethical decisions that guide our science-based animal training practices. Attention will be given to:
1. How we distinguish between science and ethics.
2. What criteria we use for making ethical considerations, such as freedoms, restrictiveness, intrusiveness, and hierarchies.
3. Why the tools we use to make ethical decisions should exist according to similar scientific criteria.
• Foster behavior change plans that are simultaneously pro-science and pro-ethics, and thus, pro-animal well-being and welfare.
About Your Presenter
Dr. Eduardo Fernandez Dr. Eduardo J. Fernandez received his Ph.D. in psychology (minors in neuroscience and animal behavior) from Indiana University, where he worked with the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoo. He received his MS in behavior analysis from the University of North Texas, where he founded the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals (ORCA). Most of his past and current work involves behavioral research applied to the welfare and training of zoo, aquarium, and companion animals. He is currently a senior lecturer of applied animal behavior and welfare in the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Adelaide, Australia. His past positions include a visiting professorship in the School of Behavior Analysis at the Florida Institute of Technology, an affiliate professorship in the Psychology Department at the University of Washington (UW), a research fellowship with Woodland Park Zoo, and a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellowship. While working with UW and the Woodland Park Zoo, he started the Behavioral Enrichment Animal Research (BEAR) group, which conducted welfare research with many of the species and exhibits located throughout the zoo. He currently runs the Operant Welfare Lab (OWL), which is dedicated to the use of learning principles to improve the lives of animals across many settings, including exotic animals in zoos, companion animals in homes, and agricultural animals in farms. Many of his past publications, research projects, and presentations can be found on his ResearchGate profile. This was previously aired at Geek Week 2021.
Dr. Eduardo Fernandez
Dr. Eduardo J. Fernandez received his Ph.D. in psychology (minors in neuroscience and animal behavior) from Indiana University, where he worked with the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoo. He received his MS in behavior analysis from the University of North Texas, where he founded the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals (ORCA).
Most of his past and current work involves behavioral research applied to the welfare and training of zoo, aquarium, and companion animals. He is currently a senior lecturer of applied animal behavior and welfare in the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Adelaide, Australia. His past positions include a visiting professorship in the School of Behavior Analysis at the Florida Institute of Technology, an affiliate professorship in the Psychology Department at the University of Washington (UW), a research fellowship with Woodland Park Zoo, and a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellowship.
While working with UW and the Woodland Park Zoo, he started the Behavioral Enrichment Animal Research (BEAR) group, which conducted welfare research with many of the species and exhibits located throughout the zoo. He currently runs the Operant Welfare Lab (OWL), which is dedicated to the use of learning principles to improve the lives of animals across many settings, including exotic animals in zoos, companion animals in homes, and agricultural animals in farms. Many of his past publications, research projects, and presentations can be found on his ResearchGate profile.
This was previously aired at Geek Week 2021.
A FREE PPG Member Resource Your PPG Shelter & Rescue Divisional Meetup Shelter Cats and Purr: The Science of Making Your Cat Happy.
Your Host - The PPG Shelter & Rescue Division A casual presentation with live group chat and Q&A. Informal, Fun & Educational Just For PPG Members Location: Login to Zoom directly or watch this event live-streamed in the PPG Member Group on Facebook Host: K Holden Svirsky Guest: Zazie ToddTitle: Shelter Cats and Purr: The Science of Making Your Cat Happy. Recorded: Yes this event is recorded and will be available in the PPG member area. It will also be live-streamed into the PPG member Group on Facebook
Your Host - The PPG Shelter & Rescue Division
Host: K Holden Svirsky
Guest: Zazie Todd
Get Your Local Business on Google Search and Maps CEUs: PPAB - 1, Pending for CCPDT, KPA ,& IAABC Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
CEUs: PPAB - 1, Pending for CCPDT, KPA ,& IAABC
Showing up when customers are searching online is more important than ever. Ensure customers can find accurate, updated information about your local business on Google Search and Google Maps, no matter which device they use. In this workshop, you will learn how to create and manage a Google Business Profile from start to finish. We'll discuss: What is a Google Profile How to Create Your Google Profile How to Manage Your Business Information
Showing up when customers are searching online is more important than ever. Ensure customers can find accurate, updated information about your local business on Google Search and Google Maps, no matter which device they use. In this workshop, you will learn how to create and manage a Google Business Profile from start to finish.
We'll discuss:
About Your Presenter Tracey Lee Davis, founder of ZingPop Social Media, turns busy small business owners into online marketing rockstars! A social media expert and Certified Partner for Constant Contact, she coaches entrepreneurs in how to grow their business using social media and provides total management for their email marketing campaigns. Tracey Lee is also a featured speaker for associations and business groups. She is a 2022 Silicon Valley Woman of Influence, Alignable's 2022 Local Businessperson of the Year for San Jose as well as a Top 25 U.S. Business Mentor of 2021, a Certified Content Marketing Strategist, and the Co-Owner and Vice President of the Women’s Networking Alliance. She also really, really loves cheese.
Defining Confusing Terms - Assistance, Service, and Therapy Animals . Presented by Dr. Tiffani Howell CEUs: PPAB , CCPDT , KPA , & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
CEUs: PPAB , CCPDT , KPA , & IAABC Pending
In 2018, a group of researchers, industry representatives, and end beneficiaries of different types of animal supports established a large team to clearly define terms such as therapy animal, assistance animal, service animal, and facility animal, among others. This was necessary because people use these terms in confusing ways, sometimes using the same word to describe two different working roles, and other times using two different words to describe the same role. Over a four-year period, 77 experts from all over the world refined the definitions, until we published them in an open-access journal, Animals, in mid-2022. This presentation will provide the definitions that we came up with, along with the rationale for each. It will also describe the implications of these terms in different parts of the world, especially where these terms already exist in legislation. Finally, it will highlight the importance of always prioritizing animal welfare when working with these animals. They provide crucial supports for people, so we need to make sure that they are enjoying the work At the end of this webinar, participants will know: The agreed definitions for various terms commonly used to describe animals working in roles that support humans (e.g., assistance, service, therapy, facility, animal). The legal and cultural implications of these definitions in different parts of the world The importance of prioritizing animal welfare in all cases
At the end of this webinar, participants will know:
About Your Presenter Tiffani is a Senior Research Fellow in the School of Psychology and Public Health at La Trobe University. She has extensive experience in research on animal welfare, dog-owner relationships, and assistance dogs, including surveys, focus groups, and behavioural studies. She recently completed a four-year trial, funded by the Australian Department of Veterans’ Affairs, to understand the effectiveness of assistance dogs as an adjunct to treatment for veterans with PTSD.
Tiffani is a Senior Research Fellow in the School of Psychology and Public Health at La Trobe University. She has extensive experience in research on animal welfare, dog-owner relationships, and assistance dogs, including surveys, focus groups, and behavioural studies. She recently completed a four-year trial, funded by the Australian Department of Veterans’ Affairs, to understand the effectiveness of assistance dogs as an adjunct to treatment for veterans with PTSD.
Your FREE Member Event Four Service Dog Public Access Training Strategies with Veronica Sanchez CEUs: PPAB 1, CCPDT 1, KPA 1, & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
Your FREE Member Event
Public access training is the most difficult aspect of service dog work. However, it is also the least well understood. Preparing a service dog candidate for public access involves much more than simply taking the dog to different locations. In fact, doing this can result in the dog being stressed and overwhelmed. Veronica Sanchez presents a webinar on practical strategies for preparing service dog candidates to work in public access. Public access environments vary greatly, Veronica will discuss some easy ways to assess the difficulty of different settings and set specific criteria for public access training. Attendees will learn easy to implement techniques that emphasize a gradual approach to public access work. These strategies set both service dog candidates and their handlers up for success.
Public access training is the most difficult aspect of service dog work. However, it is also the least well understood. Preparing a service dog candidate for public access involves much more than simply taking the dog to different locations. In fact, doing this can result in the dog being stressed and overwhelmed.
Veronica Sanchez presents a webinar on practical strategies for preparing service dog candidates to work in public access. Public access environments vary greatly, Veronica will discuss some easy ways to assess the difficulty of different settings and set specific criteria for public access training. Attendees will learn easy to implement techniques that emphasize a gradual approach to public access work. These strategies set both service dog candidates and their handlers up for success.
About Your Presenter Veronica Sanchez M.Ed, CABC, CPDT-KA is the founder of the Cooperative Paws Service Dog Coach™, an educational certification program for professional trainers in service dog training. Veronica also offers a variety of online courses on service dog training and often speaks and writes on service dogs for professional associations. She is the author of the book, Service Dog Coaching: A Guide for Pet Dog Trainers. Veronica has a Masters degree in Education and a Bachelors in Psychology from George Mason University. She also has a Certificate in Brain Research in Education from the University of Washington. She has supported owner-trainers training service dogs for mobility, hearing, mental health, neurological problems and dual guide-mobility work. Veronica’s interest in service dogs is both personal and professional. She has a disability herself, a neurological condition called generalized dystonia, and she has trained her own dogs to assist as service dogs
Veronica Sanchez M.Ed, CABC, CPDT-KA is the founder of the Cooperative Paws Service Dog Coach™, an educational certification program for professional trainers in service dog training. Veronica also offers a variety of online courses on service dog training and often speaks and writes on service dogs for professional associations. She is the author of the book, Service Dog Coaching: A Guide for Pet Dog Trainers.
Veronica has a Masters degree in Education and a Bachelors in Psychology from George Mason University. She also has a Certificate in Brain Research in Education from the University of Washington. She has supported owner-trainers training service dogs for mobility, hearing, mental health, neurological problems and dual guide-mobility work. Veronica’s interest in service dogs is both personal and professional. She has a disability herself, a neurological condition called generalized dystonia, and she has trained her own dogs to assist as service dogs
Harness the Power of Listings & Reviews CEUs: PPAB - 1, Pending for CCPDT, KPA ,& IAABC Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
No matter what type of business or organization you have, listing and review sites play an important role in getting found online, generating awareness, and helping people determine whether or not they want to choose your business. It’s not enough to just set up a few listing and review sites. It’s important to know how to use these sites in a way that’s going to generate business and make potential buyers want to learn more. That’s why in this we will discuss: How to get started: Where to be & how to optimize your profiles How to encourage people to leave reviews How to maintain your listing & review pages over time
No matter what type of business or organization you have, listing and review sites play an important role in getting found online, generating awareness, and helping people determine whether or not they want to choose your business. It’s not enough to just set up a few listing and review sites. It’s important to know how to use these sites in a way that’s going to generate business and make potential buyers want to learn more. That’s why in this we will discuss:
Email Marketing Quickstart CEUs: PPAB - 1, Pending for CCPDT, KPA ,& IAABC Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
Kick-starting your email marketing strategy can be a daunting task. It takes all the things that small businesses and non-profits don't seem to have- time, effort, and budget. This workshop is designed to assist you with finally taking the email marketing leap you've wanted to make. Whether you are looking to finally commit to getting started with email marketing or you know there are some best practices you missed when starting out, we will get you off and running (or continuing to run) on the right foot! In this presentation, we’ll cover: Why email marketing must be a part of your marketing strategy The 7 elements of successful design How to grow your email list How to write your email How to design your call to action And much more!
Kick-starting your email marketing strategy can be a daunting task. It takes all the things that small businesses and non-profits don't seem to have- time, effort, and budget. This workshop is designed to assist you with finally taking the email marketing leap you've wanted to make. Whether you are looking to finally commit to getting started with email marketing or you know there are some best practices you missed when starting out, we will get you off and running (or continuing to run) on the right foot! In this presentation, we’ll cover:
The impact of having a close bond with a pet dog or cat on owner health- What's The Difference? Presented by Dr. Tiffani Howell CEUs: 1 PPAB, 1 CCPDT, KPA , & IAABC Pending Registered for the live event, get busy and cannot make it! No worries you will automatically receive a recording!
CEUs: 1 PPAB, 1 CCPDT, KPA , & IAABC Pending
The media is full of reports about the benefits of pet dog and cat ownership, However, these reports do not reflect the current state of the science around the impact of pet ownership on human health. Some studies show improved health for pet owners compared to non-owners, but others show no effect, and still others show that pet owners are worse off than non-owners. The reasons for these mixed results are unclear. It may be that the quality of the pet-owner relationship is a factor. When measuring the quality of the relationship and correlating it with health outcomes, however, the results are still confusing. In some cases, a stronger relationship with one's pet is related to worse health, especially mental health, when there is limited social support from other people. This presentation will describe the evidence base in detail and attempt to disentangle these confusing results. At the end of this webinar, participants will know: The curren
The media is full of reports about the benefits of pet dog and cat ownership, However, these reports do not reflect the current state of the science around the impact of pet ownership on human health. Some studies show improved health for pet owners compared to non-owners, but others show no effect, and still others show that pet owners are worse off than non-owners.
The reasons for these mixed results are unclear. It may be that the quality of the pet-owner relationship is a factor. When measuring the quality of the relationship and correlating it with health outcomes, however, the results are still confusing. In some cases, a stronger relationship with one's pet is related to worse health, especially mental health, when there is limited social support from other people. This presentation will describe the evidence base in detail and attempt to disentangle these confusing results.